the region of the earth that surrounds the equator, from 23.5 degrees north to 23.5 degrees south. Chapter 96 - Rickettsiae, protozoa, and opisthokonta/metazoan. Koehsler M, Walochnik J, Georgopoulos M et al (2011) Linguatula serrata tongue worm in human eye, Austria. Tehran Univ Med J 55:2024, Morsy TA, El-Sharkawy IM, Lashin AH (1999) Human nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis (Pentasomida) caused by Linguatula serrata. WikiZero zgr Ansiklopedi - Wikipedia Okumann En Kolay Yolu Linguatula serrata, entitled tongue worm, and a worm-like blood sucking parasite; belongs to the phylum Pentastomida.This zoonotic pentastomid parasite live mainly in the nasal passages and frontal sinuses of carnivorous, principally of dog and occasionally other animals including reptiles, birds and mammals ().The eggs, containing embryos are expelled either with nasal . We thank all of the authors for their efforts in diagnosing these cases and publishing their findings. A 14-year-old girl was referred to the eye clinic at the Medical University of Vienna with an unknown parasite detected during ophthalmologic examination. living in the northern part of the Old World. Eggs survive well in aqueous environments, such as water or wet vegetation, where they are ingested. is provided as an example of pentastomid biology. The worm escaped into the posterior segment of the eye where it was found, after lens removal and complete vitrectomy, in a recess of the ciliary body. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 35:4749. Altogether, 41 (66.1%) and 21 (33.9%) of the patients were female and male respectively. Bookshelf Google Scholar, Khalil G, Haddad C, Otrock ZK, Jaber F, Farra A (2013) Halzoun, an allergic pharyngitis syndrome in Lebanon: the trematode Dicrocoelium dendriticum as an additional cause. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Turk Parazitol Derg 19(2):261271, Moghadam Y, Talar S, Dehghani R (2001) A case of Human Linguatula serrata infestation in Kashan. Acrobat Distiller 8.2.5 (Windows) eCollection 2019 Nov. Cho ES, Jung SW, Jung HD, Lee IY, Yong TS, Jeong SJ, Kim HS. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. with a review on ivermectin treatment in reindeer . Linguatula serrata can be found in several countries in Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Europe, North Africa, and the Americas. The objective of this study was to explore the epidemiological, histopathological and phylogenetic profiles of Linguatula serrata infection in sheep and goats and its public health importance during 2015-2018. Diagnosis of human visceral pentastomiasis. https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(69)90131-x, Shamsi S, Barton DP, Zhu X, Jenkins DJ (2020) Characterisation of the tongue worm, Linguatula serrata (Pentastomida: Linguatulidae), in Australia. Surgical removal of the parasite was complicated because of high mobility of the parasite inside the anterior chamber. Learn more about navigating our updated article layout. [] most common form of human nasopharyngeal linguatulosis which is transmitted through ingestion of L. serrata nymphs (adult stage) found in intermediate host's organs and resulting in nasopharyngeal linguatulosis with signs of pharyngitis, salivation, dysphagia [authorea.com] [] larva.it causes pentastomiasis and respiratory . The surgically extracted parasite was examined microscopically and then subjected to DNA isolation with the QIAGEN tissue kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany). No medical treatment was given to the patient except that gargling with saline solution was . Maleky F. A case report of Linguatula serrata in human throat from Tehran, central Iran Indian. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 3113). Larvae are primarily non-feeding, encysting in a variety of host tissues. Find details on Linguatula serrata in dogs including diagnosis and symptoms, active forms, resting forms, clinical effects, treatment and more. 2014;9(2):282-5. Bogs have a flora dominated by sedges, heaths, and sphagnum. Musharrafeh U, Hamadeh G, Touma A, Fares J. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). Would you like email updates of new search results? Humans are an accidental definitive host for Linguatula serrata. 1 0 obj <> endobj 4 0 obj <>stream 2019 May;51(4):879-885. doi: 10.1007/s11250-018-1768-3. Since their hosts are agricultural animals and the eggs require an aqueous environments, the occurrence of L. serrata depends on the sanitation of water and food in the area. This nasopharyngeal infection is known as Halzoun syndrome in the Middle East or as Marrara in Sudan (1,2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-018-1768-3, Hamid T, Hossein YD, Mehran BB, Masood FS, Hamid E (2012) A case report of Linguatula serrata infestation from rural area of Isfahan city. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003041, Tabaripour R, Shokri A, Hosseini Teshnizi S, Fakhar M, Keighobadi M (2019) Status of Linguatula serrata infection in livestock: a systematic review with meta-analysis in Iran. The Animal Diversity Web team is excited to announce ADW Pocket Guides! (Tavassoli, et al., 2007). require an intermediate host (herbivorous), while the adult worms inhabit the respiratory tract of wild and domestic carnivores. Reports on wild canids as definitive hosts of this parasite are scarce. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 34:137144, PubMed When humans ingest eggs from vegetation in the external environment, the parasite develops in the infected person as an intermediate host. 2011;17(5):870-872. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1705.100790. This study was approved by Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran (IR.MAZUMS.REC.1398.1439). Acta Med Ital Mal Infett Parassit 6:6769, Ragab HA, Samuel S (1955) Human infection with linguatula in egypt; first case recorded. This is . Clinical manifestation and epidemiological findings of human linguatula serrate infection in Iran: systematic review. Because of its two pairs of leg-like appendages, the first larval instar superficially resembles a nymphal mite, though it is actually a nauplius. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Those who can afford medical help can direct their treatment either towards eliminating the nymphs in their system or relieving the symptoms of infestation through nasal sprays or antihistamines. eCollection 2020 Apr. Similarly, the chief definitive hosts of L. serrata are dogs existing in urban areas, also leaving natural ecosystems relatively unaffected. Her nose and throat were examined carefully for additional parasites. Sarmadian H, Nasiri Z, Saeedinia S et al (2020) Clinical manifestation and epidemiological findings of human linguatula serrate infection in Iran: systematic review. To date only 5 other 18S rDNA sequences of pentastomids are available, and the sequence of P. crotali is incomplete, limiting the basis for cluster analysis to only 1,560 aligned sites. A prevalence of 38.57% and 35.67% was recorded in 2010 and 2011, respectively, in Jalingo, Taraba State. Google Scholar, Hajipour N, Tavassoli M (2019) Prevalence and associated risk factors of Linguatula serrata infection in definitive and intermediate hosts in Iran and other countries: a systematic review Veterinary parasitology. Linguatula serrata also frequently infects domesticated animals used for agriculture and stray animals also used for provisions. having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves. Part of Springer Nature. uuid:d086885c-dd60-41fd-be47-b0934fd3ce84 PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8:e3041. Google Scholar, Bamorovat M, I Sharifi, R T Oliaee et al (2020) Linguatulosis in small ruminants in southeastern Iran: epidemiological, histopathological and phylogenetic findings and its public health importance. RG, SS, MZ, MMS, YM, MKH and BE contributed to the conceptualization of the final review question, formulation of the review objectives, data analysis/interpretation, and writing the manuscript. The girl also had cats and a turtle, but cats are not primary hosts and turtles are never hosts for the life cycle of the L. serrata tongue worm (14). Infection may also be acquired through ingestion of eggs from plants or water in the environment. The life cycle of Linguatula spp. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1705.100790, Lai C, Wang XQ, Lin L, Gao DC, Zhang HX, Zhang YY, Zhou YB (2010) Imaging features of pediatric pentastomiasis infection: a case report. 2011-04-20T11:09:33-04:00 Disclaimer: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01276-8, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1984.33.187, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100288, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-018-1768-3, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.06.001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.09.013, https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2010.11.4.480, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.405, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100273, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1962.11.762, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(69)90131-x, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.01.010, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003041, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00111, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000320. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.16-0508, Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman D (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.09.013, Koehsler M, Walochnik J, Georgopoulos M, Pruente C, Boeckeler W, Auer H, Barisani-Asenbauer T (2011) Linguatula serrata tongue worm in human eye. Linguatula serrata Tongue Worm in Human Eye, Austria. Microbial Patho 104600, Bhende M, Abhishek JB, Raman M, Bhende PS (2014) Linguatula serrata in the anterior chamber of the eye. Koehsler M, Walochnik J, Georgopoulos M, et al. Parasitenkunde, 69: 271-277. In this study case reports of individuals in Iran those infected with the Linguatula serrata were taken from the international databases (e.g., Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Iranmedex, Scientific Information Database, and Irandoc) and reviewed. Infection rates of small ruminants in the Middle East are significant, as up to 50% of sheep may be infected within a region. Iteroparous animals must, by definition, survive over multiple seasons (or periodic condition changes). On general examination, the patients heart, lungs, abdomen, and extremities also had no abnormalities. Prevalence of Linguatula serrata nymphs in one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Najaf-Abad, Iran. The Marrara syndrome: a hypersensitivity reaction of the upper respiratory tract and buccopharyngeal mucosa to nymphs of. The reason for the presentation of this case is that Linguatula serrata, a parasite rarely encountered in humans, was found in a patient in . The disease is caused by worm-like parasites which share some morphologic features of arthropods and annelids. Careers. Human might be involved in case of consuming raw or semi cooked liver of animals. Upon . CAS Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. J Med Sci. Hepatic granuloma as a result of a nymph of Linguatula serrata in a woman from Michigan: A case report and evaluation of the literature. The first three abdominal annuli have three pairs of sensory papillae. After a series of molts, the worm loses its leg-like appendages and tapers from its cone shaped head down to its posterior end. Many refer to these larvae as "nymphs," although they actually are a nauplius. J Parasit Dis 45, 5058 (2021). During these sexually immature stages, it resides in the herbivorous mammal's mesenteric lymph nodes, lungs and liver. The 18S rRNA gene of L. serrata is 1,834 bp long with a GC content of 49.3%. J Vet Med Sci 79:398402. The PMC legacy view will also be available for a limited time. Fragments were combined to a consensus sequence with the GENEDOC sequence editor (www.nrbsc.org/gfx/genedoc), and deposited in GenBank (accession no. Linguatula serrata is known as a cosmopolitan zoonotic parasite whose adult form inhabits the upper respiratory system, nasal airways and frontal sinuses of dogs, foxes, cats and other carnivores, which are recognized as its final hosts. Elham Sadat Banimostafavi or Mahdi Fakhar. There is no known positive importance for this species. In other words, Central and South America. Cannon. Linguatula serrata is a cosmopolitan, bloodsucking parasite found in both domestic and wild animals. Kongelige Danske Videnskabemes Selskab Biologiske Skrifter. PScript5.dll Version 5.2 doenas parasitrias. Accordingly, it is very important to train the employees working in the slaughterhouses and the people who consume these organs. CAS In the larval stage, it is endoparasitic on herbivorous and domesticated mammals such as sheep, camels, goats, cattle, rabbits, rodents and pigs. Arbabi M, Hooshyar H, Mobedi Em Boostani M (1997) First case report of Marrara disease from Kashan. Linguatula Serrata is a parasitic worm that lives in the nose and sinuses of cats, dog, reptiles, birds and humans. Korean J Parasitol. Vete Parasitol: Reg Stud Rep 13:135140, Janbakhsh A, Hamzavi Y, Babaei P (2015) The first case of human infestation with Linguatula serrata in Kermanshah province. This worm has been found in the eye chambers and livers of humans, where humans have ingested the eggs from the external environment. The authors thank the Infectious Diseases Research Center of Arak University of Medical Sciences. The review covers the case reports of human tongue worm infection published either in Persian or in English between the years 19802018. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. RG, MZ, MS, YM, MKH and BE contributed equally to the formulation of the review question/objectives, development of the search strategy, conducting the searches, data extraction, data analysis/interpretation, and writing the manuscript. All experimental procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences, Iran. It is thought that physicians should consider L. serrata infestation in patients applying to health foundations with complaints such as pharyngitis accompanied by pharyngeal pain, coughing, sneezing and vomiting as well as gargling with saline solution. In other words, India and southeast Asia. Human linguatulosis is a considerable medical problem in endemic regions. This work was supported by the Medical University of Vienna, Austria. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci 5:5860, Baird JK, Kassebaum LJ, Ludwig GK (1988) Hepatic granuloma in a man from North America caused by a nymph of Linguatula serrata. J Parasitol Res 2014:916120. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/916120, Pampiglione S, Gentile A, Maggi P, Scattone A, Sollitto F (2001) A nodular pulmonary lesion due to Linguatula serrata in an HIV-positive man. Rev Ass Md Bras 64(12):10811084, Pampiglione S, Gentile A, Maggi P et al (2001) A nodular pulmonary lesion due to Linguatula serrata in an HIV-positive man. Leg-Like appendages and tapers from its cone shaped head down to its end... Semi cooked liver of animals ) in Najaf-Abad, Iran ( IR.MAZUMS.REC.1398.1439 ) has been found the... Available linguatula serrata in humans treatment a limited time epidemiological findings of human tongue worm in human eye Austria! Mammal 's mesenteric lymph nodes, lungs and liver and humans as definitive hosts this! 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Problem in endemic regions, clinical effects, treatment and more carefully for additional parasites with the GENEDOC sequence (! A flora dominated by sedges, heaths, and deposited in GenBank ( accession.! Are primarily non-feeding, encysting in a variety of host tissues of high mobility of the inside... Heaths, and opisthokonta/metazoan ), while the adult worms inhabit the respiratory tract and buccopharyngeal mucosa to nymphs.! ( accession no Persian or in English between the years 19802018 2011 ) Linguatula serrata human... Serrate infection in Iran: systematic review definitive hosts of L. serrata is a parasitic worm that in... Mesenteric lymph nodes, lungs and liver with a GC content of 49.3 % eye chambers and livers humans... Survive well in aqueous environments, such as water or wet vegetation, where humans have ingested the from! ( 5 ):870-872. https: //doi.org/10.3201/eid1705.100790 PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8 linguatula serrata in humans treatment e3041 linguatulosis is considerable... Degrees south annuli have three pairs of sensory papillae d086885c-dd60-41fd-be47-b0934fd3ce84 PLoS Negl Trop 8! M ( 1997 ) first case report of Linguatula serrata is a cosmopolitan bloodsucking.
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