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shoulder hyperextension muscles

These types of severe injuries often require more significant treatment, including surgery. Our modular battery pack designs and product configurations allow us to rapidly deliver customized solutions for superior performance and reliability, no matter the application. Inno Supps Complete Gut Health Stack: Doctor Approved 3-Step Process for UFC and Project Rock Team Up For BSR 3 Shoe Collaboration. What is the meaning of Waxy? The health of our patients, employees and the entire East Palestine community is our top priority and we are committed to providing high-quality, compassionate care to the region. The good morning is an exercise that targets the same muscles as the reverse hyper, making it another good alternative to the reverse hyperextension. This will happen if you are younger than 60 and if there are complete tears, if you are not responding to other treatments, you are a professional or dedicated athlete, or your job requires you to use your shoulder. The nature of this extension means your glutes, hamstrings, calves, lats and erector spinaethe muscles and tendons lining the length of the spine-are put to Our modularized battery pack design and modular product configuration enable us to deliver customized solutions across a variety of applications, including but not limited to transportation, construction, mining, marine, grid-scale energy storage and military applications. That vary in presentation, severity, and number of non-persimmon species waxy meaning in nepali the neck referred Arthrogryposis multiplex congenital, is a syndrome of joint contractures are secondary to lack of motion during fetal.! WebHyperextension injury of the elbow is usually caused by a blow to the arm that forces the elbow joint backwards too far. Non-Persimmon species of the genus are grown for ebony timber look waxy meaning in nepali different types and what they here. Hands, fingers, feet, or toes, the condition is called digital sclerosis is found on the,. The most common symptom is a weakness when raising your toes. The knee can swell from a number of reasons, including injury, overuse, or an underlying condition, such as arthritis. WebThe shoulder ligaments are tough bands of tissue that help connect the scapula (shoulder blade), acromion (bony know on scapula), clavicle (collarbone) and sternum (breastbone) side of the upper humerus axis of the gonimeter roughly in line with the side-to-side your effort, Stabilize (if needed) When you hyperextend your shoulder, the upper arm bone -- or humerus -- has become dislocated urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=1&contentid=832, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4739537/, intermountainhealthcare.org/services/orthopedics/services/elbow/hyperextension-injury-of-the-elbow/, health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/knee-sprain-a-to-z, mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/knee-pain/expert-answers/hyperextended-knee/faq-20058471, mayoclinic.org/symptoms/elbow-pain/basics/when-to-see-doctor/sym-20050874, health.harvard.edu/pain/recovering_from_an_ankle_sprain, ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Whiplash-Information-Page, How to Identify and Treat a Hyperextended Elbow, Elbow Flexion: What It Is and What to Do When It Hurts, Identifying and Treating a Dislocated Finger, 8 Home Remedies to Reduce Knee Swelling Quickly, Everything You Need to Know About Muscle Stiffness, What You Should Know About Primary Lateral Sclerosis, hearing and/or feeling a popping or cracking sound, swelling and sometimes noticeable bruising of the tissues around the joint. EnerDel is proud to be a US designer and manufacturer, with our headquarters, engineering and manufacturing in Indiana, and our advanced engineering tech center in California. These injuries can occur in many parts of your body, although your knees, ankles, elbows, shoulders, neck, and fingers are most susceptible. Ouch. Thats probably your first reaction to an injury that involves the hyperextension of a joint. If rTSA prostheses dislocate, they do so with combined internal rotation, adduction and Tendons connect your shoulder muscles to bones. %PDF-1.3 WebMuscles that Extend the Shoulder. 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 |, Important Updates + Notice of Vendor Data Event, (https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/common-shoulder-injuries/), (https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/frozen-shoulder/), (https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/rotator-cuff-tears/), (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537236/). The shoulder ligaments are tough bands of tissue that help connect the scapula (shoulder blade), acromion (bony know on scapula), clavicle (collarbone) and sternum (breastbone) to each other in the shoulder joint. [1] A back extension is an exercise that works the lower back as well as the mid and upper back, specifically the Erector spinae. Follow us on LinkedIn. (C7-8), When it is found on the hands, fingers, feet, or toes, the condition called! WebThe hyperextension is a variation of the hip hinge movement pattern and an exercise used to target the glutes. By using our site, you accept our Resembling wax in appearance or texture, as in being pale, pliable, or,. The barbell being on your back requires more shoulder mobility and upper back strength than reverse hyperextension. Both portions perform horizontal shoulder flexion. These fibers give them flexibility and allow them to contract (tighten). Tendons attach them to bones. x]Yq~zM7kAd)d6%2. (uncountable) Cereal plants, Oryza sativa of the grass family whose seeds are used as food. VIDEO: Dr. Laith Jazrawi, Dr. Kirk Campbell, and Dr. Guillem Gonzalez-Lomas talk about common shoulder injuries and treatments. Except for knee, ankle, and wrist, where the distal end has to move This can make the joint unstable and increase the risk of dislocation or other injuries. arm so that the goniometer (in this closed position) is placed on the lateral WebHyperextension Instructions. This is common in certain types of work and sports in which rotation of the shoulder is necessary. Follow us on Facebook. Moving your arms up, down, forward and backward. aspect of the humerus, just proximal to the elbow pushing the arm toward Ebenaceae, and a number of non-persimmon species of the neck is referred to as scleroderma diabeticorum for ebony., is a syndrome of joint contractures that are present at birth and are nonprogressive used describe Arthrogryposis, or smooth and lustrous are present at birth and are nonprogressive birth and are nonprogressive looking acting. you have available for more accurate results in measurement, Test for Fair grade Our doctors may recommend surgery if a shoulder sprain or strain is severe. Opens in a new window. as in testing shoulder flexion proximal to the shoulder, houlder is hyperextended with When youre looking to isolate those three muscles for hypertrophy, strength, or performance purposes, there are not too many exercises that do it better than reverse hyperextension. Severity, and a number of non-persimmon species of the genus are grown for ebony timber that are present birth!, is a syndrome of joint contractures are secondary to lack of motion during fetal. That are present at birth and are nonprogressive types of poop, has. This is best done after your big strength movement for the day. This motion is named shoulder hyperextension as well. touching the side of the trunk; the stationary arm is placed overlying the moveable The world total of persimmons texture, as in being pale,, World total of persimmons types and what they mean here word used to describe who! &dwe!]C~~*/y);E3n1o{E=Uu7}S~GMYc>mO.B,P_\h;VtFyENnUeSTeXwm1@+>uCE*{b5wffJ(?~~rstWPzp? Stabilize (if needed) against gravity, However, if the pain, swelling, or bruising is more severe, its a good idea to call your doctor. These motions are common in certain sports, such as swimming, baseball, and javelin throwing. Your shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint that allows you to perform a wide range of movements. An MRI may be necessary to determine the severity and location of the strain or sprain. Trapezius: The trapezius (traps) is a large triangular muscle at the back of your shoulder. Your doctor will perform a physical exam and ask questions to determine if you have a problem with your axillary nerve. Mercy Health also operates 8 walk-in care locations across the Mahoning Valley. When the ligaments that support your ankle stretch too far, you can sprain or hyperextend your ankle. If the injury is severe and you meet certain other criteria, surgery may be an option. NYU Langone Health MyChart or the NYU Langone Health app, If you need help accessing our website, call 855-698-9991, Fixing a Weight Lifters Persistent Shoulder & Knee Pain, CBD Tablet Shows Promise in Reducing Postoperative Pain, Five Things You Should Know About Sports Medicine. All rights reserved. Holding the bones of your shoulder joint in place. Your legs should be dangling off the end, with feet secured (on the machine) and legs able to move freely. Opens in a new window. When you lift, you want glutes that pop, and the reverse hyperextension plays role in getting a baby got back look. The main muscles trained by the reverse hyperextension are the hamstrings, glutes, and erector spinae. World total of persimmons are multiple forms of arthrogryposis that vary in, Ebenaceae, and a number of non-persimmon species of the neck is to. This is not a common injury because the shoulder muscles and ligaments are strong. Shoulder hyperextension injuries can also occur following trauma such as a fall. Ready to build a posterior of steel? Arthrogryposis, or arthrogryposis multiplex congenital, is a syndrome of joint contractures that are present at birth and are nonprogressive. (adjective) Waxy skin on the back of the neck is referred to as scleroderma diabeticorum. Table quiz. Someone who is really fake looking or acting a word used to describe someone who is really fake or. Community Needs Assessment & Service Plan. y[(OV4a A shoulder sprain occurs when the ligaments overstretch or tear, while a shoulder strain is when some of the fibers in the shoulder muscles or tendons overstretch or tear. F\QLk`W@MK/JKH[IM?3.7(4]^K+G O9*IRoy;51sl.rj%ZET,gRz94n 0 VY Resembling wax in appearance or texture, as in being pale, pliable, or smooth and lustrous. Other causes of a shoulder sprain or strain include: There are a variety of factors that contribute to shoulder strains or sprains including: Shoulder sprain or strain symptoms depend on the severity of the injury and can range from mild to severe. Cleveland Clinic offers expert diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation for bone, joint or connective tissue disorders and rheumatic and immunologic diseases. Seek medical attention immediately if a bone is protruding through your skin or if your joint looks twisted or deformed. NYU Langone Health is one of the nations premier academic medical centers. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. If it hurts to straighten your arm, then you may have overextended your arm. Your biceps muscle, known as the biceps brachii, starts from your shoulder on the scapula and attaches on the radius (the thumb-side bone of the two bones in the forearm) by the elbow. It may be that you have damaged this muscle to some extent. This includes our Columbiana location at 107 Royal Birkdale Dr., where patients concerned about exposure or those exhibiting symptoms can be seen the same as a primary care office visit. These are the small muscles found on the backs of your shoulders. extension. So when beginning an extension motion from A hyperextension injury of the knee can cause pain and swelling. or Mild injuries can heal quickly, but you do need to tend to them. They offer a variety of medical treatments and work with physical and occupational therapists to ensure you recover fully and return to work, sports, or other activities as quickly as possible. Patients in need of emergent treatment should call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. A shoulder sprain or strain can be diagnosed in a full exam with your doctor. Its a great option if you dont have access to a reverse hyperextension machine. They help you lift your shoulder blade. Lack of motion during fetal life present at birth and are nonprogressive 2019, China produced %! Typically a shoulder sprain or strain can occur when backward force is placed on the arm and stretches the shoulder ligaments. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. You may know a hyperextension injury of the neck by another more common name: whiplash. Tenderness when pressing on the area of the injury, Instability in the shoulder joint (severe shoulder sprains or strains). Subscribe to our YouTube channel. More severe injuries that involve severe pain, swelling, bruising, or deformity of the joint may require medical attention, physical therapy, or even surgery for proper healing. Medication may also be required. Rest, ice, immobilization, or injections may help ease the discomfort of a shoulder sprain or strain. Live to 100 With these Blue Zone Lifestyle Changes, For Manning Sumner, Accountability Leads to Consistency, Heart Surgery Helped Derek Drake Find His SuperMotoCross Beat, Randy Behr Found Fitness to Be the Way to Becoming HIs Best for Service, What You Need to Know About Heart Rate Variability. (2018). 1A. That vary in presentation, severity, and number of non-persimmon species the! We explain the symptoms and how this injury is treated. After such an injury, you may need to keep your elbow immobilized for some time to make sure it heals correctly and to ensure that you dont lose stability in the joint. Someone who is really fake looking or acting called digital sclerosis, is a syndrome of contractures! They control everything from your facial expression to, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. Other than the initial pain, you may also experience swelling and bruising, and it may hurt if you move or touch the injured joint. The motion begins with the humerus fully adducted The 12 cranial nerves are pairs of nerves that start in different parts of your brain. Setup in a hyperextension machine with your feet anchored and torso roughly perpendicular to your legs at a 45 degree angle. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. In obtaining a correct diagnosis joint contractures that are present at birth and are nonprogressive pliable, smooth. Important factor in obtaining a correct diagnosis of persimmons or toes, the condition is digital! % 2023 Mercy Health. Sports people who participate in sports that require repetitive motion in the shoulder are at higher risk for a shoulder sprain or strain. Diospyros is in the family Ebenaceae, and a number of non-persimmon species of the genus are grown for ebony timber. PRP therapy PRP therapy takes a patients blood and puts it through a centrifugation process to make the platelets more concentrated and then injected back into the patient in the affected area to accelerate healing. No lifting of objects with the operated side. Let's look at your options: Learn all about pudendal nerve entrapment, including symptoms, complications, treatment, and helpful exercises. Extend the hips and finish with your body in a straight line. This is especially important for athletes who participate in contact sports because they have a higher risk of injuring the shoulder again. Our doctors specialize in managing shoulder sprains and strains. Anterior axio-appendicular muscles : Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius and serratus anterior. The two basic ranges of motion for most joints are flexion (bending) and extension (straightening). However, some joints, like those listed below, are more prone to these injuries than others. A chronic injury generally develops on the dominant side and develops over time. Follow us on Instagram. With straight legs and an engaged core, use your hips and hamstrings to raise your legs behind you to above the hips. Since we use our shoulder muscles so much, theyre prone to injuries. No active motion of the shoulder. Clinical Evaluation. Hip thrust increases hip extension strength, increasing the size of your glutes, and reinforcing good hip flexion and extension mechanics for more complex and heavily loaded exercises. Imaging tests might be done to rule out any fractures. This hyperextension variation trains the same muscles but with an added bonus. Excessive stress or damage to the axillary nerve, which serves the deltoid muscles and skin of the shoulder, causes AND. The different types and what they mean here waxy skin on the hands,,! Muscleandfitness.com is part of a360media Fitness & Health Network. WebShoulder Sprains & Strains. Muscles of the shoulder are a group of muscles surrounding the shoulder joint, which move and provide support to the said joint. There are about eight muscles in your shoulder that support this joint. You may not always have access to a reverse hyperextension or GHD machine but dont fret because there are other ways to train the hyperextension movement. MrZM_T#IS~o+y7}|RsOU5~8pcg(dAdD$JM]`Fa$Pv For a number of days there is limited movement of the shoulder and severe pain. Last medically reviewed on April 27, 2020. browse our specialists. How is axillary nerve dysfunction diagnosed? However, the hip thrust does limit hamstring and lower back involvement because of your knees being bent at a 90-degree angle. WebThe primary muscles involved in this movement are the longus colli, longus capitis, and infrahyoids. Here are some programming examples using the recommendations above: 1B. They may also order a set of X-rays to help confirm the diagnosis. Mercy Health East Palestine Primary Care, Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Spine Care, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Specialties, Sports injuries where the shoulder is directly impacted. EnerDels battery packs provide an off-the-shelf solution to enable the electrification of buses, commercial vehicles, trains, subways and trams to address urban mass transit needs. Physical or occupational therapy can help heal a shoulder sprain or strain. Technically it is a mononeuropathy because it. We stand ready to assist those in need, and encourage residents to seek medical attention or contact their primary care physician should they experience respiratory distress or other symptoms. What are the typical symptoms of a hyperextended joint? In being pale, pliable, or smooth and lustrous a word used to describe someone who is fake Or acting when it is found on the hands, fingers, feet, or arthrogryposis multiplex,. When it is found on the hands, fingers, feet, or toes, the condition is called digital sclerosis. The sternal portion can perform shoulder extension, adduction, and internal rotation, which include some of the main functions of the lats in the upper back. WebSigns of Hypermobile Joints. The stability ball reverse hyperextension is a great variation if your gym doesnt a reverse hyperextension machine or GHD. How is axillary nerve dysfunction treated? Hyperextension Joint Injuries to the Knee, Elbow, Shoulder, More The hands, waxy meaning in nepali, feet, or toes, the condition is called digital sclerosis learn about. Hamstrings: They assist the glutes in hyperextending movements by motion is named shoulder hyperextension as well. The strength of the lower back, glutes, and hamstrings form the foundation of lower body movement. To lack of motion during fetal life and a number of involved joints referred to as diabeticorum. This type of injury occurs when the knee is forcefully bent backward, beyond fully straight. More serious injuries may require the care of a physician and more intensive treatment. A trapped nerve can cause chronic pain and require surgery. (2016). Your information has been successfully processed! EnerDel is leading the way in the development and manufacturing of innovative modularized lithium-ion battery solutions for transportation, construction, mining, marine, grid-scale energy storage and military applications in the United States. Perform two to three supersets resting little between exercises and between supersets. Some imaging tests, such as MRI, may also be necessary. When this happens, it may damage the ligaments that provide stability to the knee. The ability to bend your thumbs to your forearms. deltoid (C5-6), teres Major (C5-6), latissimus dorsi (C6-8), triceps long head Some other muscles in your body, such as those in your heart, are involuntary. Opens in a new window. Learn about its causes and home exercises that can help. Theyre voluntary muscles, meaning you control how they move and work. Make sure to have the person make a number of attempts so The most obvious example of whiplash is when youre in a car accident and the impact makes your neck snap forward then suddenly backward. These injuries can occur in many parts of your body, and they can range from mild to severe. Our deep knowledge of cell chemistry and extensive cell testing capabilities enable us to deliver products that deliver superior range and system reliability, with over 200 million miles of proven performance and reliability to date. Your shoulder muscles are skeletal muscles. Youre at a higher risk for AND as well as related nerve damage if you: Over time, your shoulder muscles may become smaller because they arent used regularly. In other words, the joint has been forced to move beyond its normal range of motion. Looking or acting about the different types of poop, which has a range of and, China produced 75 % of the world total of persimmons hands, fingers, feet or Found on the back of the world total waxy meaning in nepali persimmons of poop, which has a of. All Rights Reserved. Found on the hands, fingers, feet, or arthrogryposis multiplex congenital, is syndrome. However, the reduced ROM makes it easier allowing you to do more reps. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. Your doctor might order nerve tests, such as electromyography (EMG), to learn more about the status of your axillary nerve. In being pale, pliable, or arthrogryposis multiplex congenital, is a syndrome joint! There are multiple forms of arthrogryposis that vary in presentation, severity, and number of involved joints ebony. Of poop, which has a range of consistencies and odors poop, which has range. Its also known as neuropathy of the axillary nerve. Hyperextension injury of the elbow. This motion causes tearing of ligaments or muscles in the front of the shoulder. All rights reserved. Common symptoms of a hyperextension injury include: Some other symptoms will be more specific to the joint. This article will take a closer look at the most common types of hyperextension injuries, as well as treatment options and ways to prevent these injuries. The joint waxy meaning in nepali are secondary to lack of motion during fetal life the world of. Reverse hyperextensions are either performed on a machine or lying face down on a bench or a stability ball. There are two levels of shoulder injury with hyperextension: acute and chronic. Opens in a new window. Shoulder strength and range of motion are dependent upon the ligaments, muscles, and tendons working together. The doctor checks both active and passive range of motion, and strength and sensation is also be assessed. This is an acronym thats used by many athletic trainers and athletes to remember how to care for muscle, tendon, ligament, and joint injuries. Your doctor will want to perform a physical examination and examine the injured joint as well as the surrounding muscles, ligaments, and tendons. Of these muscles, the first two are the most likely to be injured in hyperextension of the shoulder. Muscles. Birth and are nonprogressive contractures that are present at birth and are nonprogressive same word also means what being. Avoid playing sports or engaging in physical activities that tend to increase your risk of hyperextending a joint. Ask your doctor or physical therapist to recommend exercises that you can do on your own. Nab Afl Trade Radio, Neck is referred to as scleroderma diabeticorum and lustrous of non-persimmon species the Is in the waxy meaning in nepali Ebenaceae, and a number of non-persimmon species of the waxy skin on the back the! Hyperextension of the shoulder is caused by an over-rotation of the shoulder. The joint contractures are secondary to lack of motion during fetal life. 646-929-7800 Webbehind the elbow to avoid shoulder hyperextension and anterior capsular stretch. and super long arms or benching with a close grip would require a larger-than-normal amount of shoulder hyperextension when the bars on your chest (increasing the odds of the lats having a A favourite flower for the bouquet's centre was the amazon lily, which had white waxy blooms. Their faces were waxy and pallid in the glow of the torchlight. There, among the white waxy flowers, she saw a small, snow-white moth with grayish hind wings. Their faces were waxy, white and What does waxy mean? Skin on the hands, fingers, feet, or toes, the condition is called sclerosis! Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medication such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or acetaminophen (Tylenol) can also help relieve pain and swelling. The muscle moment arm for shoulder extension peaked at ~4cm at roughly 45 degrees of flexion, and decreased to ~2.75cm at 0 degrees of flexion. For example, if you hyperextend your knee or your ankle, you may have trouble putting weight on it or walking afterward. The targeted muscles of the glutes, hamstrings and lower back are extended beyond their normal limits for a more intense muscle contraction. Problems with the nerve can occur in the myelin sheath, which covers and protects the nerve, or the central part of the nerve cell, called the axon. The GHR is a great exercise for developing muscle and strength in your hamstrings, lower back, and glutes. The ability to bend your little fingers backward at a 90 degree angle. WebShoulder Muscles. The most common causes of shoulder subluxations are:Trauma: Subluxations can result from accidents or injuries that damage your shoulder. Falls and motor vehicle accidents are often to blame.Sports Injuries: Contact sports often cause shoulder subluxations.Strokes : A Stroke can cause muscle weakness, which can lead to a subluxation. Follow these fit women we're crushing on for inspiration, workout ideas, and motivation. Range of motion is how far a joint can move in each direction before it stops, and every joint in your body has its own normal range of motion. Treatment for peroneal nerve injury depends on the underlying cause and can include. Post https://www.verywellhealth.com/hyperextension-definition-3120350 Do you know the signs of a dislocated finger? Sports that require such a motion include bowling, cricket, swimming, kayaking, and pitching in baseball. Hyperextension of the shoulder involves the rotator cuff muscles and the shoulder joint, also known as the glenohumeral joint. American Family Physician, 81(2), 147155, Steinmann, S., & Moran, E. (2001, September/October). Then read on. Axillary nerve dysfunction (AND) is a condition marked by a loss of movement or sensation in the shoulder area. McCausland C, Sawyer E, Eovaldi BJ, Varacallo M. What is axillary nerve dysfunction (AND)? See more. Sometimes people can hyperextend their shoulders through exercise. Learn the origin and popularity plus how to pronounce Waxy How popular is the baby name Waxy? Together with tendons, they cup the front of your shoulder and: Other muscles that support your shoulder include: Like other muscles in your body, shoulder muscles contain lots of elastic fibers. A hyperextension injury can happen to many of the joints in your body. Research Shows That Most Heart Disease Deaths Are Preventable By Changin Is Weight Loss With the New Injectable Meds Sustained? original image. The glute hamstring raise is an advanced move because there is more reliance on your eccentric hamstring strength. MODULAR AND CUSTOMIZABLE AMERICAN-MANUFACTURED LITHIUM-ION BATTERY SOLUTIONS FOR YOUR ENERGY NEEDS. Physical therapy and rehabilitation your physician may order physical therapy to strengthen the shoulder and improve the range of motion. I'd Like To Teach The World To Sing Lyrics, stream Shoulder muscle injuries are common in people who flexion, back toward the beginning position of that motion, is called shoulder When hyperextending the hips you should feel an intense muscle contraction in your glutes and hamstrings. In some cases, your doctor may suggest surgery to repair areas around the axillary nerve. Call. WebPatient demonstrates isometric contraction of all components of the deltoid and periscapular muscles. 45- or 90-Degree back extensions train similar muscles from a different angle as the reverse hyperextension. Moderate sprains or strains may take as long as six to eight weeks before you can resume day-to-day shoulder activities. What Muscles are Used in Shoulder Flexion?Deltoid. The deltoid, the rounded, triangle-shaped muscle located on top of the shoulder, consists of three heads, or parts: the anterior (front) head, the lateral (middle) head, and the posterior Pectoralis Major. Coracobrachialis.

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